Elasticsearch6

elasticsearch 6.* 기본기-2 Index

Jack Moon 2018. 10. 22. 13:31
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########## 인덱스 생성
# 키바나에서는 굳이 pretty 안 붙여도 예쁘게(?) 표시됨, 단 콘솔에서는 pretty붙여야 예쁘게 표현됨.
PUT /product?pretty
PUT /product
 
########## 색인에 문서 추가하기
 
# id를 명시하지 않을 경우 HMTpQmYBnTV7bbirucO0 식으로"_id"가 자동으로 생성됨
# 따라서 일련번호등 별도의 _id를 부여해서 생성하는 게 관리하기 편함.
POST /product/default
{
  "name""Processing Events with Logstash",
  "instructor": {
    "firstName""Bo",
    "lastName""Andersen"
  }
}
 
## 생성한 문서를 보려면
GET /product/default/id
 
## id를 지정하여 넣는 경우
PUT /product/default/1
{
  "name""Complete Guide to Elasticsearch",
  "instructor": {
    "firstName""Bo",
    "lastName""Andersen"
  }
}
 
## 문서를 추가할때 ES는 메타필드를 자동으로 추가한다. _ 밑줄이 붙은 필드가 메타필드이다. 문서자체는 _source에서 찾을 수 있다.
## 메타필드는 일반적으로 문서를 찾을때 사용된다.
 
 
## 문서 업데이트- 기존 문서의 ID를 삭제하고 새로운 문서를 넣는다.
## 따라서 문서 추가할때와 쿼리는 동일하다.
PUT /product/default/1
{
  "name""Complete Guide to Elasticsearch",
  "price"195,
  "instructor": {
    "firstName""Bo",
    "lastName""Andersen"
  }
}
 
## 문서 갯수 보기 _count API
GET product/_count
 
## 재인덱싱, 별도의 인덱스 생성 _reindex API
POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index""product"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index""product_re"
  }
}
 
# 자기 스스로 재인덱싱 _update_by_query API
POST product/_update_by_query
 
 
######### Updating documents
## Updating `price` field and adding `tags` field
 
POST /product/default/1/_update
{
  "doc": { "price"95"tags": [ "Elasticsearch" ] }
}
 
# 가격을 95로 바꾸고, tags 필드를 추가
 
######### Scripted updates
## Updating a document with a script
POST /product/default/1/_update
{
  "script""ctx._source.price += 10"
}
 
## Retrieving the updated document
GET /product/default/1
 
######### Upserts
#업서트는 문서가 존재하지 않으면 upsert안의 내용이 추가가 되고 만약 문서가 존재하면 script 의 내용이 적용됨.
 
## Deleting the existing document
DELETE /product/default/1
 
## Inserting or updating a document (upsert) 아래 쿼리를 실행하면 처음엔 price = 100, 두번째 실행하면 price = 105
POST /product/default/1/_update
{
    "script" : "ctx._source.price += 5",
    "upsert" : {
        "price" : 100
    }
}
 
######### 문서 삭제는 매우 쉽다. DELETE /인덱스/타입/문서id
## Deleting document by ID
DELETE /product/default/1
 
## Adding test documents
POST /product/default
{
  "name""Processing Events with Logstash",
  "category""course"
}
 
POST /product/default
{
  "name""The Art of Scalability",
  "category""book"
}
 
## _delete_by_query 를 사용하면 여러개의 문서 삭제 가능
 
# 검색
GET /product/default/_search
 
# match 문서 검색
GET /product/default/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "category""book"
    }
  }
}
 
# _delete_by_query에 의한 삭제
POST /product/_delete_by_query
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "category""book"
    }
  }
}
 
######### 인덱스 삭제
DELETE /product
 
######### Batch processing (일괄처리는 _bulk API 사용)
# _bulk API는 추가에만 사용되는 것이 아니라 삭제, 업데이트에도 사용됨
 
## Adding documents
# 먼저 index에 _id 를 지정하고 다음줄에 추가할 문서를 넣는다
POST /product/default/_bulk
"index": { "_id""100" } }
"price"100 }
"index": { "_id""101" } }
"price"101 }
 
## Updating and deleting documents
# 첫번째줄에 update 넣고 _id 지정
# 두번째줄 doc 를 넣고 바꿀 부분 지정
# 삭제는 delete 넣고 _id만 지정하면 된다.
POST /product/default/_bulk
"update": { "_id""100" } }
"doc": { "price"1000 } }
"delete": { "_id""101" } }
 
######### json파일 한꺼번에 입력하기
## Navigating to bulk file directory
# cd /path/to/data/file/directory
 
## Importing test data with cURL
# 아래 형식 그대로 Content-Type 지정하고 POST method 파일을 넘기면 됨. --data-binary "@파일명"
# curl -"Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/product/default/_bulk?pretty' --data-binary "@products-bulk.json"
 
######### 시스템 상태 확인 _cat
# 머리말을 표시하려면 v 옵션 사용
# 노드가 하나일  경우 복사본이 없으므로 yellow로 표시 됨
# green 모든 것이 좋으며 클러스터가 완벽하게 기능한다는 것을 의미합니다.
# yellow 완벽하게 작동하지만 데이터의 복제본이 없으므로 데이터 손실의 위험이 있습니다.
# red 상태는 공포를 의미합니다. 클러스터의 데이터 중 일부가 사용할 수 없거나 하나 이상의 노드가 다운된 경우, 데이터의 일부를 잃어버고 부분적으로 기능 할 경우
 
## Checking the cluster health
GET /_cat/health?v
 
## Listing the cluster's nodes
GET /_cat/nodes?v
## Listing the cluster's indices
GET /_cat/indices?v
 
## Checking the shard allocation
GET /_cat/allocation?v
 
## Checking which nodes contain which shards
GET /_cat/shards?v
 
#########################################
#########################################
################ Mapping ################
#########################################
# 데이터베이스의 스키마와 같이 색인의 필드와 속성을 정의하는 것.
 
#  인덱스의 매핑 확인
GET car/_mapping
 
# 필드의 추가는 가능하지만 변경 또는 삭제는 불가능, 잘못 설계시 재인덱싱
 
# 데이터는 저장하지 않고 토큰만 저장하고자 하는 경우
1. 전체를 저장하지 않으려면 _source 필드를 enabled : false로 설정
# 색인시 원본데이터는 저장되지 않고 색인된 토큰들만 저장되므로 통계자료 집계와 같은 목적으로는 사용할 수 있으나 컨텐츠 서비스는 불가능
PUT car3
{
  "mappings": {
    "typenews": {
      "_source" : {"enabled" : false},
      "properties": {
        "datetime": {
          "type""date"
        },
        "link": {
          "type""keyword"
        },
        "media": {
          "type""keyword"
        },
        "summary": {
          "type""text",
          "analyzer""nori",
          "fielddata"true
        },
        "timestamp": {
          "type""long"
        },
        "title": {
          "type""text",
          "analyzer""nori",
          "fielddata"true
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 
# 검색하면 내장필드만 표현될 뿐 데이터는 없다
GET car3/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title""BMW"
    }
  }
}
 
2. 부분적으로 데이터를 저장하지 않는 경우 exclude 필드명 지정, p* (p로 시작되는 모든 필드) 지정 가능
 
PUT car4
{
    "mappings": {
        "typenews": {
      "_source": {
        "excludes": ["summary"]
      },
            "properties": {
                "datetime": {
                    "type""date"
                },
                "link": {
                    "type""keyword"
                },
                "media": {
                    "type""keyword"
                },
                "summary": {
                    "type""text",
                    "analyzer""analyzer_none",
                    "fielddata"true
                },
                "timestamp": {
                    "type""long"
                },
                "title": {
                    "type""text",
                    "analyzer""analyzer_none",
                    "fielddata"true
                }
            }
        }
    },
    "settings": {
    "index": {
      "analysis": {
        "tokenizer": {
          "nori_user_dict_none": {
            "type""nori_tokenizer",
            "decompound_mode""none",
            "user_dictionary""userdic_sample.txt"
          }          
        },
        "filter": {
          "my_filter": {
            "type""nori_part_of_speech",
              "stoptags": [
                "E",
                "IC",
                "J",
                "MAG",
                "SP",
                "SSC",
                "SSO",
                "SC",
                "SE",
                "XPN",
                "XSA",
                "XSN",
                "XSV",
                "UNA",
                "NA",
                "VSV"
              ]
          }
        },
        "analyzer": {
          "analyzer_none": {
            "type""custom",
            "tokenizer""nori_user_dict_none",
            "filter": ["my_filter""lowercase""nori_readingform"]
          }        
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 
PUT car2
{
  "mappings": {
    "typenews": {
      "_source": {
        "excludes": ["summary""title"]
      },
      "properties": {
        "datetime": {
          "type""date"
        },
        "link": {
          "type""keyword"
        },
        "media": {
          "type""keyword"
        },
        "summary": {
          "type""text",
          "analyzer""nori",
          "fielddata"true
        },
        "timestamp": {
          "type""long"
        },
        "title": {
          "type""text",
          "analyzer""nori",
          "fielddata"true
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 
# 반대로 특정필드만 저장하고자 하는 경우 include
PUT car4
{
  "mappings": {
    "typenews": {
      "_source": {
        "includes": ["title""media""link""timestamp"]
      },
      "properties": {
        "datetime": {
          "type""date"
        },
        "link": {
          "type""keyword"
        },
        "media": {
          "type""keyword"
        },
        "summary": {
          "type""text",
          "analyzer""nori",
          "fielddata"true
        },
        "timestamp": {
          "type""long"
        },
        "title": {
          "type""text",
          "analyzer""nori",
          "fielddata"true
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 
 
##############################
######################## type
 
########## 기본타입
# 문자형: text, keyword
# 숫자형
#        정수형: byteshort, integer, long
#        소수형: floatdouble
# 날짜형: date
booleantrue 나 false를 저장하기 위해 사용
 
 
 
text: analyze 되어 각각 분리된 토큰으로 인덱싱 되므로 검색에 사용
PUT my_index
{
    "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
            "properties": {
                "my_text_field": {
                    "type""text"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
# keyword:     메일주소, 링크, 매체명, 우편번호, 상태코드, 태그 등과 같이 analyze 없이 인덱싱된다.
#    "Hello World" -> Hello 나 World 만으로 검색이 안됨
# 주로 집계에 사용
PUT my_index
{
    "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
            "properties": {
                "my_keyword_field": {
                    "type""keyword"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
# 검색과 집계에 함께 사용하고자 한다면
PUT my_index
{
    "mappings": {
        "my_type": {
            "properties": {
                "city": {
                    "type""text",
                    "fields": {
                        "keyword": {
                            "type""keyword"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
 
# 실제 샘플
# number_of_shards: default 5
# number_of_replicas: default 1
 
PUT car
{
    "mappings": {
        "typenews": {
      "_source": {
        "excludes": ["summary"]
      },
            "properties": {
                "datetime": {
                    "type""date"
                },
                "link": {
                    "type""keyword"
                },
                "media": {
                    "type""keyword"
                },
                "summary": {
                    "type""text",
                    "analyzer""analyzer_none",
                    "fielddata"true
                },
                "timestamp": {
                    "type""long"
                },
                "title": {
                    "type""text",
                    "analyzer""analyzer_none",
                    "fielddata"true
                }
            }
        }
    },
    "settings": {
    "number_of_shards" : 1,
    "number_of_replicas" : 0,
    "index": {
      "analysis": {
        "tokenizer": {
          "nori_user_dict_none": {
            "type""nori_tokenizer",
            "decompound_mode""none",
            "user_dictionary""userdic_sample.txt"
          }          
        },
        "filter": {
          "my_filter": {
            "type""nori_part_of_speech",
              "stoptags": [
                "E",
                "IC",
                "J",
                "MAG""MAJ""MM",
                "SP""SSC""SSO""SC""SE",
                "XPN""XSA""XSN""XSV",
                "UNA""NA""VSV"
              ]
          },
          "my_stop": {
            "type""stop",
            "stopwords_path""stopwords.txt"
          },
          "my_synonym" : {
              "type" : "synonym",
              "synonyms_path" : "synonyms.txt"
          }
        },
        "analyzer": {
          "analyzer_none": {
            "type""custom",
            "tokenizer""nori_user_dict_none",
            "filter": ["my_filter""my_stop""my_synonym""lowercase""nori_readingform"]
          }        
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 
# index open close
POST /my_index/_close
 
POST /my_index/_open
 
 
cs